How Water purifiers or water filters (NOT bio filters) work.

The vast majority of us depend on tap water as the source of the pond water in which we keep our koi. This is the same tap water that we use to drink, cook, wash and bathe in, and our water companies claim that it is amongst the safest and highest quality mains water available in the EU (yet the sales of bottled water have never been stronger!). At that same time, we are told that the quality of our tap water is the underlying (and often overlooked) cause of many chronic health problems in our koi.

While our drinking water quality has been improved over years, by tighter standards and policing, we have also seen the number, diversity and complexity of water purifiers also increase.
This is because we now have the means of providing our koi with what they require, via our tap water.
Ions are atoms that are electrically charged and are commonly the building blocks for other molecules.
The charge may be positive or negative, depending on the type of ion, with every ion having a charge which cannot change.
In electrolysis, which involves the use of two oppositely charged electrodes (negative and positive) to separate out ions in a solution, the positive electrode is called the anode and the negative electrode is called the cathode.
The carbon filter removes a host of contaminants such as chlorine, pesticides, herbicides and other organic materials that could not be removed by ion exchange in the later cartridges.
Ion exchange is a reversible chemical process in which the specific ion (such as sodium, Na+) are released from the insoluble solid medium (which is the ion exchange resin) and exchanged for none-desirable or target cations such as heavy metals.

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